How can corticosteroid nasal sprays benefit individuals with chronic sinusitis?

• A. They increase mucus production in the nasal passages.
• B. They enhance the sense of smell.
• C. They decrease inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages.
• D. They promote vasodilation in the nasal region.

Answer: (C)

Corticosteroid nasal sprays work by dialing down inflammation in the nasal passages, which is the main driver of chronic sinusitis symptoms. By delivering anti-inflammatory medication directly to the nasal mucosa, they reduce the production of inflammatory mediators, lessen swelling, and shrink nasal polyps when present. This relief from mucosal edema opens up the sinus drainage pathways, improves airflow, and eases symptoms like nasal congestion and facial pressure. Over time, this can also help restore better sense of smell that’s often diminished by blockage, though the primary gain is reduced inflammation and swelling. These sprays are typically used long-term for chronic rhinosinusitis and have minimal systemic effects compared with oral steroids. Common side effects are nasal irritation or nosebleeds. They don’t increase mucus production, they don’t directly boost the sense of smell (smell may improve as congestion resolves), and they don’t promote vasodilation; they reduce inflammatory swelling instead.