What are some common complications of untreated upper respiratory infections?

• A. Headaches and toothaches
• B. Sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis
• C. Influenza and pneumonia
• D. Diabetes and heart disease

Answer: (B)

Untreated upper respiratory infections commonly lead to complications when inflammation and mucus block normal drainage pathways and irritate nearby structures. This creates the environment for infections to spread or take hold in the sinuses, middle ear, and lower airways. Sinusitis happens when the sinus passages become obstructed and mucus accumulates, allowing bacteria to grow. Otitis media develops from fluid buildup and infection in the middle ear, a risk that’s higher in children because their Eustachian tubes are shorter and more easily blocked. Bronchitis can follow as the irritation extends into the bronchi, producing cough and mucus. While influenza or pneumonia can occur in some cases, they are not the most typical direct progression of a simple, untreated URI, and diabetes or heart disease are not caused by an untreated URI.